Définitions - Yoga

.
Yoga : (mot sanskrit "jonction", de yuj "joindre" même racine que le latin jungere - JOINDRE, JOUG). Doctrine et exercices traditionnels hindous, cherchant à réunir l'individu avec le principe de toute existence.
Le Robert, 2009.
.
Yoga : Technique ascétique d'origine indoue ayant pour but la maîtrise du corps et le développement de la force psychique.
Dictionnaire de la langue française.
.
Yoga : terme construit à partir de la racine sanskrite yug qui signifie "unir", "lier". C'est une technique vieille de plusieurs milliers d'années, qui a pour objet d'entretenir l'esprit-corps afin d'atteindre l'illumination. Il existe plusieurs types de yoga : le Karma yoga, qui met l'accent sur l'action et le fait d'aider les autres, le Bhakti yoga, qui met l'accent sur l'amour de Dieu, le Jnana yoga, qui met l'accent sur l'effort intellectuel, et le Raja yoga, parfois appellé le "roi des yogas", qui met l'accent sur les techniques permettant de maîtriser à la fois le corps et l'esprit (parmi lesquelles des exercices de respiration, et de relaxation, et la méditation).
Adamson, E. et Budilowsky, J. (2008). La méditation. Marabout.
.
Yoga : nom masculin(sanskrit yoga, jonction). Très ancienne méthode d'obtention de l'illumination, systématisée dans le texte des Yogasutra. Discipline spirituelle et corporelle issue de cette méthode et qui vise à libérer l'esprit des contraintes du corps par la maîtrise de son mouvement, de son rythme et du souffle. http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/yoga
.
Yoga : Discipline spirituelle et corporelle, pratiquée dans les pays occidentaux, qui est fondée sur une philosophie indienne et qui vise à libérer l'esprit des contraintes du corps à l'aide d'exercices de postures et de respiration. [Office de la langue française, 2000]
.
Yoga : "Le yoga (Sanskrit योग Yoga) est l'une des six écoles de philosophie indienne āstika. C'est aussi une discipline visant, par la méditation, l'ascèse morale et les exercices corporels, à réaliser l'unification de l'être humain dans ses aspects physique, psychique et spirituel." "Sa signification est bien plus large que la définition généralement donnée d'union. Sa racine sanskrite yuj signifie "atteler, unir". http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga
.
Yoga : Technique ascétique d'origine indoue ayant pour but la maîtrise du corps et le développement de la force psychique.
.
Yoga : Est-il une culture physique ? Une thérapeutique ? Une philosophie ? Une science ? Une métaphysique ? Une religion ? Une hygiène mentale ? Une méthode d'introspection ? Aussi ahurissant que cela puisse paraître, le yoga est tout cela à la fois ; mais il est aussi plus que tout cela. En effet, le yoga - nous dit-on - conduit à la contemplation de l'Être suprême en même temps qu'à la découverte des secrets de la création. (...) Certes il serait bien difficile de nier que le yoga soit visiblement et d'abord une culture physique ! Et pour cause ! Cette culture-là est l'abc de l'apprentissage du yogin, en Occident en tout cas ; mais il faudrait aussitôt avoir l'honnêteté d'ajouter que ces exercices corporels ont une "visée". Il doivent nous entraîner à rejoindre notre "Moi immortel, toujours vivant, qui n'est jamais né et ne pourra jamais mourir", ce Moi qui est la Vie, qui est l'unité retrouvée entre l'esprit et la matière. Car tel est le but suprême du yoga aux nobles intentions : éduquer l'homme jusqu'à rendre en lui la création parfaite, c'est-à-dire : faire de l'homme un dieu. (...) Avec raison, on nie qu'il soit une religion. Il est plutôt une ascèse, une technique de salut. Ses exercices conduisent à la découverte de soi, des possibilités de ce "soi" que par ignorance nous laissons en friche. Il est juste aussi d'ajouter qu'il est aussi un état d'esprit, une manière de vivre qui s'acquiert par une discipline, des exercices à la fois physiques et mentaux. (...) Quant au mot yoga lui-même, il signifie : se mettre au joug, s'atteller à l'ouvrage; il est aussi : l'action de joindre. p.18-20 (...) Pour tout dire, le yoga est une technique d'auto-résurrection, puisqu'au dernier stade de sa démarche, il prétend à la transfiguration de la matière en esprit. Et en cela - en dépit de ceux qui voudraient l'en séparer - il est profondément lié à l'hindouisme et à ses conceptions spirituelles dont il faut citer l'un des principes fondamentaux : la réincarnation. Sur le chemin qui mène à l'Infini, le yoga devient une technique de salut qui récompense celui qui s'y adonne. p.35. Selon le degré de sa réussite, il évitera la ou les réincarnations sucessives auxquelles il aurait été obligé. Elles lui sont épargnées dans la mesure où la perfection atteinte est suffisante à faire de lui un être affranchi du monde physique et dorénavant participant du seul monde de l'Absolu. Ray, Maurice. Non au yoga. Ligue pour la lecture de la bible. 1977. livres-chapitre.com
.
Yoga : A Hindu discipline aimed at achieving a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility. In the West, the term is most commonly understood as the physical exercises that are practiced as part of this discipline.http://www.natcath.com/NCR_Online/archives/022103/022103k.htm

Yoga : (Sans.) A school of philosophy founded by Patanjali, but which existed as a distinct teaching and system of life long before that sage. It is Yajnawalkya, a famous and very ancient sage, to whom the White Yajur Veda, the Satapatha Brahmana and the Brihak Aranyaka are attributed and who lived in pre-Maha-bharatean times, who is credited with inculcating the necessity and positive duty of religious meditation and retirement into the forests, and who, therefore, is believed to have originated the Yoga doctrine. Professor Max Muller states that it is Yajnawalkya who prepared the world for the preaching of Buddha. Patanjali's Yoga, however, is more definite and precise as a philosophy, and embodies more of the occult sciences than any of the works attributed to Yajnawalkya. http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/key/key-glo3.htm

Yoga : this term means union of the attention with the ensouling entity. It has come to mean any methods or techniques that systematically unites the attention directly or progressively with the ensouling entity. http://www.mudrashram.com/glossarypage.html

Yoga : A Hindu method of learning that includes exercises, breathing sequences and meditation. It is designed to aid in enlightenment. The exercise component of Yoga is often practiced in the West as an aid to healthy living. http://www.religioustolerance.org/gl_xyz.htm

Yoga : "To yoke or unite," connoting the process of yoking or fusing individual consciousness and awareness with superconscious awareness--the natural mind state of soul and God. This yoking process ultimately leads to a realization of identity, that our innermost consciousness and Absoluteness is and always has been that of God. Yoga is the third of the four successive stages (margas) of purification and enlightenment in Saiva Siddhanta--chariya, kriya, yoga and jnana. Yoga's culmination of samadhi in Parasivam, the Absolute, is the first step upon the jnana path. There are many legitimate forms of yoga--excluding bhakti and karma yogas which are preparatory practices--all of which lead the aspirant toward kundalini/raja yoga.
http://www.himalayanacademy.com/resources/books/virtue/SVGlossary.html

Yoga : An ancient system of practices originating in India. It is aimed at integrating mind, body and spirit to enhance health and well-being. There are many different forms of yoga. Hatha yoga — the most widely practised form of yoga in the Western world — uses specific postures and breathing exercises.
http://www.nature.com/nri/journal/v4/n11/glossary/nri1486_glossary.html

Yoga : Lit., "yoke"—the act of yoking or joining together. Yoga is union of the individual soul with the ultimate Reality. It is also the method by which this union is achieved. There are four yogas: bhakti yoga, the path of devotion; jnana yoga, the path of knowledge and discrimination; karma yoga, the path of detached work, and raja yoga, the path of meditation.
http://www.vedanta.org/wiv/glossary/glossary_vy.html

Yoga : a spiritual practice which includes posture breath control and meditation. The word is derived from the Sanskrit meaning to bind, join, yoke, direct, to use and apply. The practitioner experiences inner union. http://www.inneraccess101.com/glossary.htm

Yoga : (lit., union) The spiritual practices and disciplines that lead a seeker to evenness of mind, to the severing of the union with pain, and through detachment, to skill in action. Ultimately, the path of yoga leads to the constant experience of the Self. http://www.siddhayoga.org.in/glossary.html

Yoga : (from Sanskrit meaning "discipline," ) Yoga is an ancient philosophy of life as well as a system of exercises that encourages the union of mind, body, and spirit. The ultimate aim of yoga is to achieve a state of balance and harmony between mind and body. There is evidence that yoga was practiced as early as 5,000 years ago, although the first written description is found in the Yoga Sutras, a book from the second century B.C. The Yoga Sutras describe a multifold path to spiritual enlightenment that includes Hatha Yoga, the system of physical exercises that is most often followed by Western yoga practitioners today. The discipline of Hatha Yoga combines deep breathing, physical postures known as asanas, and meditation. Practiced widely by people of all ages, hatha yoga is often recommended for stress reduction and as a way to improve overall health and well being.
http://www.reiki.nu/treatment/healing/dictionary5/dictionary5.html

Yoga : (Skt. yuj—to join, much the same as yoke in English). The practice aims at stilling the mind as a means to concentrated meditation for securing at-one-ment of the soul with the Universal Soul (Isvara, the Lord). (2) One of darshans or orthodox systems of Hindu philosophy developed by sage Patanjali about 300 A. D Composing Ashtang or an eight-fold path of reunion with the Divine.(3) Of all the different forms of yoga, the yoga of the Sound Current or attunement with the holy Word, is by far the easiest, the safest and the speediest, yielding results that are verifiable with mathematical precision.
http://www.ruhanisatsangusa.org/gloss.htm

Yoga : A Hindu discipline aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquillity. A system of exercises practiced as part of this discipline to promote control of the body and mind. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/yoga

Yoga : The word yoga, from the Sanskrit word yuj means to yoke or bind and is often interpreted as "union" or a method of discipline. A male who practices yoga is called a yogi, a female practitioner, a yogini. The Indian sage Patanjali is believed to have collated the practice of yoga into the Yoga Sutra an estimated 2,000 years ago. The Sutra is a collection of 195 statements that serves as a philosophical guidebook for most of the yoga that is practiced today. It also outlines eight limbs of yoga: the yamas (restraints), niyamas (observances), asana (postures), pranayama (breathing), pratyahara (withdrawal of senses), dharana (concentration), dhyani (meditation), and samadhi (absorption). As we explore these eight limbs, we begin by refining our behavior in the outer world, and then we focus inwardly until we reach samadhi (liberation, enlightenment). Today most people practicing yoga are engaged in the third limb, asana, which is a program of physical postures designed to purify the body and provide the physical strength and stamina required for long periods of meditation. http://www.yogajournal.com/basics/820

Yoga : The term yoga comes from a Sanskrit word which means yoke or union. Traditionally, yoga is a method joining the individual self with the Divine, Universal Spirit, or Cosmic Consciousness. Physical and mental exercises are designed to help achieve this goal, also called self-transcendence or enlightenment. On the physical level, yoga postures, called asanas, are designed to tone, strengthen, and align the body. http://www.answers.com/topic/yoga

Yoga : Yoga is a type of exercise that combines precise body postures, breathing techniques and meditation. Although it's known as a type of non-aerobic exercise, it's actually a complete system of personal development designed to create a union of mind, body and spirit. The term yoga comes from ancient Sanskrit and means "union." http://altmedicine.about.com/od/yog1/g/yoga.htm

Yoga : "Yoga, meaning union or yoking in Sanskrit, is the primary focus of Hinduism's diverse darshans or "points of view". Yoga is a science of the body, the mind, the consciousness and the soul. Yoga is a teaching of wisdom and knowledge which has been transmitted to mankind from the great Yogis and Rishis of ancient times, though its geographical origin lies in India, it is universal, all-valid, eternal knowledge." "Yoga is indicative of a broad range of practices that aim to, through physical, mental and spiritual activities, focus the individual on the true essence of reality, to achieve moksha or samadhi, liberation and enlightenment." http://www.indopedia.org/Yoga.html
.
Hatha yoga : Forme de yoga qui repose sur la pratique de postures ou positions, appellées asanas, qui vise à améliorer la santé et l'attention.
Adamson, E. et Budilowsky, J. (2008). La méditation. Marabout.
.
Hatha yoga : Le Hatha-Yoga est la forme la plus connue du Yoga en Occident." "La pratique du Hatha-Yoga est une recherche de l'unité de toutes les modalités physiques et psychiques qui nous composent." "Posture, respiration, méditation, peuvent tour à tour culminer dans la pratique. Le Hatha-Yoga prétend construire un pont entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur, le matériel et le spirituel, l'être essentiel et l'être existentiel. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatha_yoga

Hatha yoga : "Hatha yoga is the most widely practiced form of yoga in America. It is the branch of yoga which concentrates on physical health and mental well-being. Hatha yoga uses bodily postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), and meditation (dyana) with the goal of bringing about a sound, healthy body and a clear, peaceful mind." http://www.answers.com/topic/hatha-yoga

Hatha yoga : "Hatha yoga, pronounced "ha-tuh", is also known as hatha vidya or the "science of hatha" yoga; this word comes from combining the two sanskrit terms "hat" meaning sun and "ha" meaning moon." "Hatha yoga is what most people associate with the word "yoga." It is part of the Hindu traditions of Yoga and Tantra, and is seen by many as a path leading to the ultimate goal of Raja Yoga, or contemplation of the One Reality. Hatha yoga primarily concerns itself with asanas or postures." "Asanas are contemplative in nature and were originally intuited by yogis during meditation; the Kundalini naturally brings forth these postures or movements, called Kriyas, during deep meditation." "Asanas teach poise, balance & strength and were originally (and still) practiced to improve the body's physical health and clear the mind in preparation for meditation in the pursuit of enlightenment." http://www.indopedia.org/Hatha_yoga.html

Hatha yoga : The purpose of Hatha Yoga is to locate and activate the chakras (centers of energy), thereby raising the kundalini (dominant spiritual power). This in turn is believed to help remove blockages (disease) in the mind and body. http://www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/practices/hatha_yoga.htm

Kundalini yoga : Le Kundalinî-Yoga tire son nom du terme Kundalinî, qui, selon cette doctrine, désigne une énergie primordiale qui serait présente en chaque être humain et qui évoluerait le long d'un canal principal (Sushumnâ) situé dans la colonne vertébrale, au centre de la moelle épinière, depuis le sacrum jusqu'au sommet de la tête. Le Kundalinî-Yoga vise à l'éveil de la conscience du Soi par la maîtrise de cette énergie, la Kundalinî, par la pratique d'asanas (posture), de pranayamas (techniques de souffle), de bhandas (fermetures, contractions) et la récitation de mantras. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundalin%C3%AE_Yoga
.
Kundalini yoga : "Kundalini yoga is a physical and meditative discipline within the tradition of Yoga, associated with the subdivision of hatha yoga." "According to Hindu tradition Kundalini yoga is a pure spiritual science that leads to enlightenment and God-Realization under the guidance of a Spiritual Master. The awakening of kundalini means awakening of inner knowledge. In Hindu tradition, the techniques are only communicated from Master to disciple once the disciple is deemed ready. It is believed that some methods were made public in the west by rogue disciples. Inability to follow strict instructions of the Master, or practicing of methods without a living and self-realized master, can lead to a series of psychic disturbances and sometimes even mental damage. The conditions are known in psychiatric circles as Kundalini Syndrome." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundalini_yoga

Kundalini yoga : "In Hindu thought, kundalini refers to the psychic or cosmic energy that lies dormant in most people. It is sometimes identified with Shakti, the Great Goddess who is equated with divine energy. When dormant, the kundalini is said to lie coiled like a snake (kunda means coiled) at the base of the spine, but it can gradually be raised upwards through the spine using meditation techniques including postures, purification practices, ritual gestures and regulated breathing. This process of raising the kundalini, called kundalini yoga or laya yoga, is considered physically and psychologically beneficial throughout, but the ultimate goal is to induce the kundalini to rise to the top of the spine and into the brain. This is said to result in union with Shakti (divine energy) or atman (the cosmic Self), which is accompanied by an extraordinary state of awareness and bliss." "Kundalini teachers commonly caution those interested in kundalini yoga to practice only under the guidance of an experienced teacher. Uncontrolled kundalini awakening has been reported to produce symptoms such as the following" : "mental confusion psychosis gastrointestianal disorders itching, burning, or involuntary twitching sexual dysfunction severe mood swings egotism ringing or hissing sounds in ears paranormal activity immoral behavior" http://www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/practices/kundalini_yoga.htm
.
Kundalini yoga : Kundalini Yoga is a meditative discipline or a system of meditative techniques and movements within the yogic tradition that focuses on psycho-spiritual growth and the bodys potential for maturation. The concept of intensified life-energy - pranotthana - is central to the practice and understanding of Kundalini Yoga. In the Yoga tradition, the creative catalyst, or energy of your highest potential, is called Kundalini. Some have called this "spirit rising", or the motivating, evolutionary force within us. The possibility of adverse effects "According to many teachers of meditation, and the school of Transpersonal Psychology, it is not considered wise to engage in contemplative practices, such as Kundalini yoga, without the guidance of a credible teacher, or without thorough foreknowledge of the chosen spiritual path. Many spiritual teachers and psychologists consider any intense contemplative or spiritual practice without the support of a cultural context, or without the support of thorough psychological and physical preparation, to be unfortunate, or even dangerous. Both Bogart (1991) and Lukoff (1998) notes the growing occurrence of meditation-related problems in western contemplative life (for more information on this particular topic see the section on adverse effects of Meditation). http://www.indopedia.org/Kundalini_Yoga.html
.
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Buddhism. Samir Nath. Vol. 1. Sarup & Sons. New Delhi. 1998.
____________________________________________________________________________
  • Les origines
  • Le yoga en Occident
  • Glossaire tiré du Vocabulaire de l'Hindouisme de Jean Herbert et Jean Varenne, publié en 1985 aux éditions Dervy-Livres.
____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________
.

____________________________________________________________________________
.
Le yoga : des étirements pour la santé. Styles de yoga. sante.canoe.com
.
.
Généralités
Hatha yoga
Raja yoga
Jnana yoga
Kriya yoga
Bhakti yoga
Siddha yoga

Aucun commentaire:

Enregistrer un commentaire

Inscription à : Publier les commentaires (Atom)